Borderline personality disorder (BPD), also known as emotionally unstable personality disorder (EUPD) or borderline pattern personality disorder, is a personality disorder characterized by a long-term pattern of unstable relationships, distorted sense of self, and strong emotional reactions. Those affected often engage in self-harm and other dangerous behaviour. They may also struggle with a feeling of emptiness, fear of abandonment, and detachment from reality. Symptoms of BPD may be triggered by events considered normal to others. BPD typically begins by early adulthood and occurs across a variety of situations. Approximately 10% of people affected with the disorder die by suicide. The disorder is often stigmatized in both the media and the psychiatric field.

The causes of BPD are unclear but seem to involve genetic, neurological, environmental, and social factors. It occurs about five times more often in a person who has an affected close relative. Adverse life events appear to also play a role. BPD is recognized by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) as a personality disorder, along with nine other such disorders. The condition must be differentiated from an identity problem or substance use disorders, among other possibilities. BPD is typically treated with psychotherapy, such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) or dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT). DBT may reduce the risk of suicide in the disorder.

BPD is characterized by nine signs and symptoms. To be diagnosed, a person must meet at least five of the following:

• Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment
• Unstable and chaotic interpersonal relationships, often characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation, also known as "splitting"
• Markedly disturbed sense of identity and distorted self-image
• Impulsive or reckless behaviours (e.g., impulsive or uncontrollable spending, unsafe sex, substance use disorders, reckless driving, binge-eating)
• Recurrent suicidal gestures or self harm
• Intense or uncontrollable emotional reactions and rapidly shifting between different emotional states
• Chronic feelings of emptiness
• Inappropriate, intense anger or difficulty controlling anger
• Transient, stress-related paranoid ideation or severe dissociative symptoms

Overall, the most distinguishing symptoms of BPD are pervasive patterns of instability in interpersonal relationships and self-image, alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation of others, along with varying moods and difficulty regulating strong emotional reactions. Dangerous or impulsive behaviour is also correlated with the disorder.

Self-harming or suicidal behaviour is one of the core diagnostic criteria in the DSM-5. Self-harm occurs in 50 to 80% of people with BPD. The most frequent method of self-harm is cutting. Bruising, burning, head banging or biting are not uncommon with BPD. People with BPD may feel emotional relief after cutting themselves.

People with BPD tend to have trouble seeing their identity clearly. In particular, they tend to have difficulty knowing what they value, believe, prefer, and enjoy. They are often unsure about their long-term goals for relationships and jobs. This can cause people with BPD to feel "empty" and "lost". Self-image can also change rapidly from healthy to unhealthy. People with BPD may base their identity on others, leading to chameleon-like changes in identity.

Other symptoms may include feeling unsure of one's identity, morals, and values; having paranoid thoughts when feeling stressed; depersonalization; and, in moderate to severe cases, stress-induced breaks with reality or psychotic episodes. Individuals with BPD often have comorbid conditions, such as depressive and bipolar disorders, substance use disorders, eating disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

People with BPD may feel emotions with greater ease and depth and for a longer time than others do. A core characteristic of BPD is affective instability, which generally manifests as unusually intense emotional responses to environmental triggers, with a slower return to a baseline emotional state. According to Marsha Linehan, the sensitivity, intensity, and duration with which people with BPD feel emotions have both positive and negative effects. People with BPD are often exceptionally enthusiastic, idealistic, joyful, and loving, but may feel overwhelmed by negative emotions (anxiety, depression, guilt/shame, worry, anger, etc.), experiencing intense grief instead of sadness, shame and humiliation instead of mild embarrassment, rage instead of annoyance, and panic instead of nervousness.

BPD is believed to be the one psychiatric disorder that produces the most intense psychological pain and distress in those who suffer with this condition. Studies have shown that borderline patients experience chronic and significant emotional suffering and mental agony. People with BPD are also especially sensitive to feelings of rejection, criticism, isolation, and perceived failure. Before learning other coping mechanisms, their efforts to manage or escape from their very negative emotions may lead to emotional isolation, self-injury or suicidal behaviour. They are often aware of the intensity of their negative emotional reactions and, since they cannot regulate them, shut them down entirely since awareness would only cause further distress. This can be harmful, since negative emotions alert people to the presence of a problematic situation and move them to address it.

Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, uncontrollable and often irrational worry about events or activities. Worry often interferes with daily functioning, and sufferers are often overly concerned about everyday matters such as health, finances, death, family, relationship concerns, or work difficulties. Symptoms may include excessive worry, restlessness, trouble sleeping, exhaustion, irritability, sweating, and trembling.

GAD is a long-term condition that causes you to feel anxious about a wide range of situations and issues, rather than one specific event. People with GAD feel anxious most days and often struggle to remember the last time they felt relaxed. People with GAD feel anxious most days and often struggle to remember the last time they felt relaxed. GAD can cause both psychological (mental) and physical symptoms. These vary from person to person, but can include feeling restless or worried and having trouble concentrating or sleeping.

5.9 percent of adults were affected by GAD in 2019.

Mental Health Section 136, 2 detainments (place of 'safety'), hospital admission and discharges. This is an incomplete list of detainments between 2013 - 2015 which have in the process alone taken six months of my life away.

• Lambeth Hospital (South western), Stockwell, London – Section 2 patient – (Over night stay) – Discharged Homeless.
• Whittington Hospital, Highgate, London – Place of Safety – Section 136 Assessment (1 hour)
• Royal Free Hospital, Belsize Park, London – Place of Safety – 3x Section 136 Assessments (3-5 hours).
• Highgate Mental Health Centre, Highgate, London – Informal patient – Two admissions – Amber Ward (1 month) and Sapphire Ward (4 days) – Discharged Homeless.
• St Marys Hospital, Paddington, London – Place of Safety – Section 136 Assessment (3 hour).
• Oxford Police Station – Place of Safety – 2x Section 136 Assessments 6-8 hours.
• Littlemore, Oxford – Place of Safety – 5x Section 136 Assessments.
• Melksham Police Station – Place of Safety – tortured with stress positions, punched in my face, stripped naked and exposed to CCTV camera [Five Techniques], handcuffed wrists so swollen I was taken by police to A&E in morning to have them x-rayed. Transferred to Green Lane 136 Unit, Devizes.
• Green Lane, Devizes, Wiltshire – Informal patient – Two admissions – Imber Ward (2x 2 week stays) – Discharged Homeless.
• Sandalwood, Swindon, Wiltshire – Place of Safety – 2x Section 136 Assessments (8 hours).
• Southmead Hospital, Bristol – Section 2 patient – Weston Ward (2 weeks) – Discharged Homeless.
• St Anns Hospital, Poole, Dorset – Section 2 patient – Tribunal – Merley Ward (2 weeks) Dudsbury Ward (1 Week) Discharged Homeless.
• Wrexham Hospital, Slough – Place of Safety – Section 136 Assessment (5 hours).
• Prospect Park Hospital, Reading, Berkshire – Section 2 patient – Bluebell Ward (1 month) Discharged Homeless.
• Springfield Hospital, Tooting, London – Place of Safety – x2 Section 136 Assessment (8-12 hours).
• Trinity Suite, Field head, Wakefield – Place of Safety – Section 136 Assessment (3 hours) Given 1 night stay in hotel.
• Cavell Centre, Peterborough – Place of Safety – Section 136 Assessment (3 hours) Oak Ward (Given one night stay).
• Parklands Hospital, Basingstoke, Hampshire – Informal patient (2 weeks). & a section 136 assessment (46 hours) 20/7/14
• Antelope House PICU, Southampton – Section 2 patient (3 days) informal patient Trinity Ward (1 day), discharged homeless.
• Bradgate mental health unit, Glenfield, Leicester – Place of Safety – 2x Section 136 Assessment (2 hours and 2 weeks Bosworth Ward voluntary patient). 14/6/2013
• Lincoln Country Hospital, Lincoln – Place of Safety – Section 136 Assessment (2 hours).
• Langley Green Hospital, Crawley – Place of Safety – Section 136 Assessment (4 hours).
• Radbourne Unit, Derby Royal – 2x Place of Safety 136 Assessment (4-5 hours).
• Park Royal Hospital, Wembley – Section 2 patient.
• St Mary’s police station, Derby – void of human rights, stripped of clothes, ignored for 7 hours & left without food or water for 17 hours [Five Techniques], head butted till blood caked cell door. Section 136 dropped. 27/7/2013
• Campbell Unit, Milton Keynes – Place of safety Assessment (14 hours) 8/8/2013.
• Aylesbury Police Station (stripped naked and tortured with asphyxiating stress positions [Five Techniques]) / Tinmore Mental Health Unit – Place of Safety – Section 136 assessment (30+ hours). 31/8/2013 - 2/9/2013.
• Ward B2 Bassetlaw Hospital, Worksop – Informal patient – 8 week admission, 18/3/2014
• Highbury Hospital, Nottingham – Place of Safety – Transfer, Informal Patient – Section 5/4 & 5/2. Discharged homeless.
• Saint Peters Hospital, Woking – Place of safety Assessment (20 hours) – threatened with anti-psychotic injection, phone SIM and SD card stolen – Section 136 dropped.
• Epsom General Hospital – Place of safety Assessment (20 hours) – Section 136 dropped.
• Becklin Centre (Leeds) – 4x Place of Safety Assessments (2-3 hours) – All Section 136 dropped.
• Lewisham - 1x Place of Safety Assessment (6 hours) - Transfer to Bradage Unit, Leicester 10/5/2013
• Police prosecuted with 'criminal' caution after suffering a huge anxiety attack on J23 M1 motorway bridge. Finger printed, DNA swabbed and had photo taken before released. 9/1/2014

Life during each one of these was a none stop nightmare, tribulations and abuses never ceased, insulted and assaulted, stripped naked, exposed to cameras, force medicated, even when I was deemed a danger to myself or others systematic torments continued.

Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder that can develop after a person is exposed to a traumatic event, such as sexual assault, warfare, traffic collisions, child abuse, or other threats on a person's life. Symptoms may include disturbing thoughts, feelings, or dreams related to the events, mental or physical distress to trauma-related cues, attempts to avoid trauma-related cues, alterations in how a person thinks and feels, and an increase in the fight-or-flight response. A person with PTSD is at a higher risk of suicide and intentional self-harm.

PTSD can be difficult to diagnose, because of:

• The subjective nature of most of the diagnostic criteria (although this is true for many mental disorders);
• the potential for over-reporting, e.g., while seeking disability benefits, or when PTSD could be a mitigating factor at criminal sentencing;
• the potential for under-reporting, e.g., stigma, pride, fear that a PTSD diagnosis might preclude certain employment opportunities;
• symptom overlap with other mental disorders such as obsessive compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder;
• association with other mental disorders such as major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder;
• substance use disorders, which often produce some of the same signs and symptoms as PTSD; and
• substance use disorders can increase vulnerability to PTSD or exacerbate PTSD symptoms, or both; and
• PTSD increases the risk for developing substance abuse disorders.
• The differential expression of symptoms culturally (specifically with respect to avoidance and numbing symptoms, distressing dreams, and somatic symptoms)

A diagnosis of PTSD requires that the person has been exposed to an extreme, life-threatening stressor. Any stressor can result in a diagnosis of adjustment disorder, and it is an appropriate diagnosis for a stressor and a symptom pattern that does not meet the criteria for PTSD. The symptom pattern for acute stress disorder must occur and be resolved within four weeks of the trauma. If it lasts longer, and the symptom pattern fits that characteristic of PTSD, the diagnosis may be changed.

Obsessive compulsive disorder may be diagnosed for intrusive thoughts that are recurring but not related to a specific traumatic event. In extreme cases of prolonged, repeated traumatization where there is no viable chance of escape, survivors may develop complex post-traumatic stress disorder. This occurs as a result of layers of trauma rather than a single traumatic event, and includes additional symptomatology, such as the loss of a coherent sense of self.

Edward Sean "Eddie" Linden (born John Edward Glackin on 5th of May 1935) was a Scottish poet, literary magazine editor and political activist. From 1969 to 2004, he published and edited the poetry magazine Aquarius, which, according to The Irish Post, made him "one of the leading figures on the international poetry scene".

Linden's political and literary awakening came when he joined the Young Communist League:

"At that time, the Communist Party had education classes - not just Marxist classes, but in Dickens, in Shakespeare - that was another discovery for me. Then there was the Workers' Educational Association. This was my way of getting away from that place and that life," .

In August 1958, by then in his early 20s, the young Edward, who would be known as Eddie, moved to London to work as a porter at St Pancras railway station. That year, he met the Catholic priest Anthony Ross (member of The Order of Preachers, [Dominican] based in Woodchester, Gloucestershire), who helped Linden come to terms with his homosexuality and encouraged him to take part in peace protests: he became involved with the <Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament and the Catholic Worker. This lead to friendships with the journalist Douglas Hyde and Jesuit priest Thomas Roberts.

"Also that day in that shop I picked up the <American Catholic Worker produced by a remarkable person named Dorothy Day. The paper identified itself with the cause of peace and reconciliation. The book told a story of a man who had dedicated his life to Communism. At the time I was disillusioned but was still loosely attached to the Communist Party and the Young Communist League.

The Simon Community was co-founded by political activist Eddie Linden, not very much has been published and in so known about his involvement with the homeless charity.

Sourced from Wikipedia and published under the “fair use” rule of Copyright Law.

Paranoid schizophrenia is characterised by predominantly positive symptoms of schizophrenia, including delusions and hallucinations. These debilitating symptoms blur the line between what is real and what isn't, making it difficult for the person to lead a typical life.

Mental health professionals no longer use the terms paranoid schizophrenia, disorganized schizophrenia, and catatonic schizophrenia. Instead, they use the umbrella term schizophrenia to describe the condition as a whole and note which specific symptoms an individual is experiencing.

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